Tconju Babelen

01: free clause

Oblique phrase has been promoted to primary focus; the preposition attaches to the start of the phrase while the dative suffix goes at the end of the phrase.

Using the conjunction rut: the objects being grouped go before the conjunction; the grouping object follows.

Using the verb gotan: people 'make use' of a language - ye Gev gotase te (I speak Gevey); languages are treated as causative objects in Gevey.

ČĂĽČĂŜƔČĂŗŎčĀƒČăĻ śČĄƍčĈ ŌČĉĢ ĩČąŀŪČĆĮČĄĤČĉƕŮ ƍčāŲ ĳČĀĸČăŷ ĤĎćĻĐČĉŀ ŖčăĶ ơČĂ ğČćŭĤČĄŪČăĻ ĳČĆĚČĀŠčĂ

de.ne.vɫe.freɪ.ɫem vɪ.lʌ rʊd ʤɪn.sɒ.kɪ.ʧʊɫs leɪz gæ.meʃ ʧɔm.pʊn fīg je dɒs.ʧɪ.sem gɒ.tæ.tʲī denevljefraeljem vilue rud dxinsokitculjs laez gamec tcaompun feeg ye dostcisem gotatjee dene -vljefraelj-e-ø-m vilue rut dxinsokitc-u-ljs-ø laes gam-e-c during grandsons-SIMA-DUR-PC four of age-INAN-DUR-SG all people[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-PL tcaomp-u-n-ø feeg y-e-ø dostcisem got-a-tj-ee world-INAN-GEN-SG same ACC-SIMA-SG language[ACC] spoke-ATYPE-HIST-SIMA.PL during the age of the Four Grandsons all the people of the world spoke the same language

02: free clause

gamhieta is almost always used in the singular with an internal status.

Using the conjunction âl: when used as a listing conjunction in an accusative phrase, the succeeding object is permitted to drop its dissociated complex if it shares the same number (but not necessarily the same status) as the preceding object

ĳČāĻƈčĄĚČĀ ūƙČĀūƣČĉĻ ŵƏČĉĘ ƢČāƐ ĸďĀƍČĄƦĎăŏ ĕČĂğČĀ ŴČĄįƏČăŀğČĊ

gæm.haɪ.tæ sʍæ.sjʊm ʃlʊb ʲæl mɑ.lɪ.stɜr be.dæ ʃɪ.klen.daʊ gamhieta swasyum club âl maalisteir beda ciklendou gamhiet-a-ø swas -y-u-m club âl ø maalisteir humanity[NOM.CAUS.A]-INTA-SG around -ACC-INAN-PC continents[ACC] and ACC oceans[ACC] be-d-a cikl-e-ndou AUX-PST-INTA.SG spread-ATYPE-PART humanity had spread across the continents and oceans

03: qualified clause

Concerning soil: Gevey uses the words stuavixu, swoenixu and theenixu (good, reasonable and poor health) to render the phrases 'sweet' and 'sour' soil.

ƉčĉƐĳďāŏ ƍčāŲ ĩčĀįƏČĈ ĮČĀƍčĄğČāŀ ƦďĊśčĈěƏČĈ ƢČāƐ ĕčĈƺČĀƍčĈěƏČĈ ŖČĈ ĳČĀ ğČĂĽČĂĩČąŀŪČĆĮČĄĤČĉƕŮ ĚČĀĴœďĀ

ʰʌl.gɑr leɪz ʤeɪ.klʊ kæ.laɪ.dæn stɑ̄.vʌ.tlʊ ʲæl bʌ.tsæ.lʌ.tlʊ fʊ gæ de.ne.ʤɪn.sɒ.kɪ.ʧʊɫs tæ.gɹɑ úelgaar laez dxaeklu Kaliedan stuavuetlu âl buetsaluetlu fu ga denedxinsokitculjs tagrjaa úelgaar laes dxaekl-u-ø kalied-a-n-ø stuav-uetl-u-ø for[CONJ] all soil[NOM.APPL.P]-INAN-SG kalieda-INTA-GEN-SG sweet-COMPLE-INAN-SG âl buetsal-uetl-u-ø fu ga dene -dxinsokitc-u-ljs-ø tagrjaa and productive-COMPLE-INAN-SG COPULA FOCPRO during -age-INAN-DUR-SG that for in that time all the soils of Kalieda were sweet and productive

04: free clause

ĕČāŨ ĳČĀĸČăŷ ƢČāŭ ƉŎČĄŹČĀĚčĂ

bædʲ gæ.meʃ ʲæs hrɪ.ʒæ.tī badj gamec âs hrixatee badj gam-e-c âs hrix-a-t-ee where[CONJ] people[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-PL would gather-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.PL and where people gathered

05: tethered qualified clause

ĖƔčĊŪČăĶ ơČĉż śčāƤ ĐČąƽ ơČăż śČĆĐČāŷ įƏČćŞ ĽČĂźƔČĆĚčĂ

bɫɔɪ.seg jʊʒ veɪj pɪts jeʒ vɒ.pæʃ klɒv ne.ʒɫɒ.tī se.te bljoiseg yux vaey pits yex vopac klov nexljotee sete bljois-e-g y-u-c vaey pits y-e-c vopac so[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-PL towns[ACC] and even ACC-SIMA-PL cities[ACC] klov nexlj-o-t-ee s-ete would build-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.PL them[3PL.GENR]-SIMA.RFLIN so they would build themselves towns and even cities

06: free clause

The phrase tasa meevendou is routinely used for all forms of the phrase 'it is|was|will be said', to indicate the following information is believed (by the speaker) to be common knowledge; the phrase has no subject or oblique object.

ĚČĀŪČĀ ĸčĂśČăŀğČĊ

tæ.sæ mī.ven.daʊ tasa meevendou ta -s-a meev-e-ndou to -AUX-PRS.INTA.SG say-ATYPE-PART it is said

07 (part 1): qualified clause (nominative phrase + verb)

Concerning the naming of people: the phrase tcad bekheralte xxxxn is often employed for the task of supplying the name of a person to others when that person is not present in the group; note that the name itself is given in the genetive case.

ĤďĈŪČăĢ ŜƔČĂŗŎčĀƒČĂ ĤČĆĚČĀƦČĂ ĤČāĢ ĕČăıƈČĂŌČāƐĚČĂ ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČăŀ ĽčćƩ įŶďĈƒČăŷ ,,, ĚďĀĖƞČĀĚČĂ

ʧu.sed vɫe.freɪ.ɫe ʧɒ.tæ.ste ʧæd bek.he.ræl.te flɒ.vɪ.stren nəʊst kʃu.ɫeʃ --- tɑ.bwæ.te tcuused vljefraelje tcotaste tcad bekheralte flovistren noest kcuuljec ... taabwjate tcuuset[CONJ] vljefraelj-e-ø tcot-ast-e-ø tcad bekher-alte that grandson[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG youngest-SUPERL-SIMA-SG for name-ANOM flovistr-e-n-ø noest kcuulj-e-c [oblique] taabwj-a-t-e lord-SIMA-GEN-SG of storms-SIMA-PL [oblique] lived-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG that the youngest of the Grandsons, the Lord of Storms lived [oblique]

07 (part 2): qualified clause (oblique phrase promoted by verb to accusative)

ĤČĈ ĤČĆěƞČĄĚČĈĸČĄŹČĈ śĎĈŜƔČăĢ ğčāĝ ơČĈ ƘČĄŪČăŀ ŵƏČĉĘ ,,,

ʧʊ ʧɒ.twɪ.tʊ.mɪ.ʒʊ vʊə.vɫed deɪt jʊ ʷɪ.sen ʃlʊb --- tcu tcotwjitumixu vuivljed daet yu ïsen club ... tc-u-ø tcotwjitum-ix-u-ø vuivljet daet y-u-ø ïsen to.ACC-INAN-SG eastern-SIMPLE-INAN-SG region[ACC] of ACC-INAN-SG our[GEN.PL] club [relative] continent[ACC] [relative] in the east of our continent [relative]

07 (part 3): relative clause (modifies oblique phrase)

ơďĀŹčĉŲ ĴƏČĂūƣČĂ ĤČāŀĚČāŀĞ ŪČăıƦČĆŴČĀŪčĂ ƘČĄŪČăƐ ƉČĆ

jɑ.ʒʌz gle.sje ʧæn.tænt sek.stɒ.ʃæ.sī ʷɪ.sel ʰɒ yaaxuez glesye Tcantant sekstocasee ïsel ó yaaxues gles-ye-ø Tcantant sekstoc-a-s-ee ïsel ó [REL] to.ACC-INAN-SG Tcantane be_named-ATYPE-PRS-PL we[NOM.PL] [REL] we call it Tcantane

08: free clause

Concerning plural object in the internal status: this is often used in places where Ramajal uses a plural noun without an article

ĳČĀĸČāż ğČĂƫČĂŗƣČĄěƏČĀĚčĀ

gæ.mæʒ de.zde.fjɪ.tlæ.teɪ gamax dezdefyitlatae gam-a-c dezde -fyitl-a-t-ae people-INTA-PL at -whispered-ATYPE-PST-PL people whispered

09: qualified clause

ŴČĀŴČćŭ ơČĂ ŪČĉřĚČĀƦČĂ ŜƔČĂŗŎčāƐ śČĄƍčĈ ĕČĂĮČĀĚČĂ ĮČĂ

ʃæ.ʃɒs je sʊf.tæ.ste vɫe.freɪl vɪ.lʌ be.kæ.te ke cacos ye suftaste vljefrael vilue bekate ke cacos y-e-ø suft-ast-e-ø vljefrael vilue that[CONJ] ACC-SIMA-SG least_worth-SUPERL-SIMA-SG grandson[ACC] four bek-a-t-e ke remained-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG he[NOM.SG] that he was the least worthy of the four Grandsons

10: tethered qualified clause

Concerning the copula éen: the ordering of the birth sequence of the four brothers is never going to change, hence the decision to use éen rather than one of the other copulas; in this instance the copula is cast in the historical tense because the storyteller considers the birth order to be pivotal to the man's actions.

ĐČĆĮČĀĚČăĶ ơČĈ ĮČăŀ ĳčĈŪĎĉŏ ŖČąŀƺČĉĝƒČĈ ƉČĂƈČĂ

pɒ.kæ.teg jʊ ken gʌ.sʊər fɪn.tsʊt.ɫʊ ʰe.he pokateg yu ken guesuir fintsutlju éhe pokat-e-g y-u-ø ken guesuir fints-utlj-u-ø because[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-SG his[GEN.SG] birth[ACC] last-COMPLE-INAN-SG éh-e was[HST.SIMA] as his birth was the last

11: tethered qualified clause

Concerning modifiers: modifier lists will follow an accusative object rather than being placed between the object and its preceeding dissociated complex.

ĖƔčĊŪČăĶ ơČĆ ƍčċř ĸČĆƄƔČĉĝƒČĆ ĩďāţ ƢĎĂŴČāƐĕČĉĝƒČĆ ŪČĂĮČĆĚČĂ

bɫɔɪ.seg jɒ lɔɪf mɒ.χɫʊt.ɫɒ ʤɑtʲ ʲɜ.ʃæl.bʊt.ɫɒ se.kɒ.te bljoiseg yo loif moqjljutljo dxaatj êicalbutljo sekote bljois-e-g y-o-ø loif moqjlj-utlj-o-ø dxaatj thus[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-EXTA-SG man[ACC] angry-COMPLE-EXTA-SG and_especially êicalb-utlj-o-ø sek-o-t-e dangerous-COMPLE-EXTA-SG became-OTYPE-PST-EXTA.SG he grew angry and wrathful

12: qualified clause

ƉČĄğČăŀ ŗĿČĄěƏčāƐĽČĉŷ ơČăĻ ĮČăŀ ƉčĀƍČăŀ ŪČĂğďĈ ŵĿďĆĽČāŀĚČĄ

ʰɪ.den fnɪ.tleɪl.nʊʃ jem ken ʰeɪ.len se.du ʃnū.næn.tɪ íden fnitlaelnuc yem ken áelen seduu cnoonanti íden fnitlaeln-u-c y-e-m ken áelen se-d-uu when[CONJ] rumours-INAN-PL ACC-SIMA-PC his[GEN.SG] ears[ACC] AUX-PST-INAN.PL cnoon-a-nti reached-ATYPE-PART when the rumours reached his ears

13: free clause

ĚČćǂ ĳČĀĸČăż ğČĂĽČĂŪČĀśČĀŠčĂ

tɒdz gæ.meʒ de.ne.sæ.væ.tʲī todz gamex denesavatjee tots gam-e-c dene -sav-a-tj-ee many people-SIMA-PL at -died-ATYPE-HST-SIMA.PL many people died

14 (part 1): qualified clause

Concerning conjunctions: Gevey has no problem with starting a new paragraph with a conjunction.

ƢČĉĬ ƍčĊŖČĂ ,,, ĤČĆ ĮČăŀ ŗƏČĆśČĄƦĎăŏ ĐČĈůČĀĚČĂ 
ʲʊʤ lɔɪ.fe --- ʧɒ ken flɒ.vɪ.stɜr pʊ.zæ.te
ûdx loife ... tco ken flovisteir puzate

ûdx       loif-e-ø                 [relative]  tc-o-ø          ken       flovisteir
so[CONJ]  man[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG  [relative]  to.ACC-EXTA-SG  his[GEN]  lord[ACC]

puz-a-t-e
went-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG

then a man ... went to his lord

14 (part 2): relative clause (modifies nominative phrase)

Concerning relative clauses: a relative clause modifying a nominative object usually takes the O-TYPE conjugation for its verb.

ŹČăı ơČĈ ĚČćǂ ŰėČĂĩČăż ƍČĄ įŎčăżĳČĆĚČĂ ƉČĆ

ʒek jʊ tɒdz zbe.ʤeʒ lɪ krīʒ.gɒ.te ʰɒ xek yu todz zbedxex li kreexgote ó xek y-u-ø tots zbedxex li kreexg-o-t-e ó [REL] ACC-INAN-SG all slaughter[ACC] repeatedly saw-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG [REL] he was seeing the slaughter

15: tethered qualified clause

Concerning 'meeven': this intransitive verb usually promotes the listener of the utterance to the accusative case; in this instance the verb takes the O-TYPE conjugation because the clause is tethered.

ƢČĀƍČăĶ ĸčĂśČĆĚČĂ ĚČĀĮČąƤ

ʲæ.leg mī.vɒ.te tæ.kɪj âleg meevote takiy âl-e-g meev-o-t-e ta -kiy and[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO said-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG to -him[ACC] and said to him

16: mutual predicate interrogative clause

Concerning 'rjiedznan': this (di)transitive verb routinely promotes any oblique using the systemic preposition cas- (concerning, about) to the accusative.

If a question has been introduced using a predicate conjunction (as above), verbs in subsequent clauses will take the I-TYPE conjugation.

ĸČąı ŴČĀūƣČĀ ĽčĊƈĎćē ƈČćŀĞ őčĄǀĿČĄĽČĂ ğčċƤ ĤČĂ

mɪk ʃæ.sjæ nɔɪ.hɔp hɒnt ɹaɪ.dznɪ.ne dɔɪj ʧe mik casya noihaop hont rjiedznine doiy tce mik cas-y-a-ø noihaop hont rjiedzn-i-n-e doiy if concerning-ACC-INTA-SG way can tell-ITYPE-FUT-SIMA.SG you[ACC] tce I[NOM.CAUS.A.FORMAL] if I tell you of a way

17: qualified interrogative clause

ĐČĆĮČāĝ ƍčāŭ ơČăż ĳČāĻ ŴČĄŪČĂ ƦČāř ƺčāŭěƞČĄĽČĆ ğČĆ

pɒ.kæt leɪs jeʒ gæm ʃɪ.se stæf tseɪs.twɪ.nɒ dɒ pokat laes yex gam cise staf tsaestwjino do pokat laes y-e-c gam cise stav tsaestwj-i-n-o how[CONJ] all ACC-SIMA-PL people[ACC] definitely shall prove-ITYPE-FUT-EXTA.SG do you[NOM.CAUS.A.EXTA] to prove to all people

18: tethered qualified interrogative clause

As the question has not yet been concluded, this clause's verb again takes the I-TYPE conjugation even though under other circumstances it would take the O-TYPE conjugation normal for tethered clauses.

ƉČăŞğČćĶ ơČĂ ĕČĂĩčāŞğČĂ ŗƏČĆśČĄƦĎăŏ ĕČĂĮČĄŪČĆ

ʰev.dɒg je be.ʤeɪv.de flɒ.vɪ.stɜr be.kɪ.sɒ évdog ye bedxaevde flovisteir bekiso évd-o-g y-e-ø bedx-aevd-o-ø flovisteir that[CONJ]-EXTA-FOCPRO ACC-SIMA-SG important-HYPERL-SIMA-SG lord[ACC] bek-i-s-o remain-ITYPE-PRS-EXTA.SG that you are the greatest of lords

19: tethered mutual clause

This clause includes the direct question verbal particle 'î', thus releasing the verb from having to take the I-TYPE conjugation.

ĸČĀĽČćĶ ƢČĄ ĳČċŨ ĴƏďĀ ŰėČĂĩČĆĽČĆ

mæ.nɒg ʲɪ gaʊdʲ glɑ zbe.ʤɒ.nɒ manog î goudj glaa zbedxono man-o-g î goudj glaa zbedx-o-n-o then[CONJ]-EXTA-FOCPRO question could stop kill-OTYPE-FUT-EXTA.SG will you stop the killing?

20: interjection

ŴČĀūƣČĈ ĕČāƐ őčĄƿČăŀĞ

ʃæ.sjʊ bæl ɹaɪ.dzent casyu bal rjiedzent cas-y-u-ø bal rjiedzent about-ACC-INAN-PL thing[ACC] tell[IMP] tell me about it!

21: free clause

ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČĂ ĽčćƩ įŶďĈƒČăŷ ĚČĀĸčĂśČĀĚČĂ

fflɒ.vɪ.stre nəʊst kʃu.ɫeʃ tæ.mī.væ.te flovistre noest kcuuljec tameevate flovistr-e-ø noest kcuulj-e-c ta -meev-a-t-e lord[NOM.CAUS.A].SIMA-SG for storms[NOM]-SIMA-PL to -said-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG said the Lord of Storms

22: free clause

ƢČāƐ ĐČĀŰƣČĀĽČĂ ĮČĊ ĤČĂ
ʲæl pæ.zjæ.ne kaʊ ʧe
âl pazyane kou tce

âl         pazy-a-n-e                  kou      tce
and[CONJ]  consider-ATYPE-FUT-SIMA.SG  it[ACC]  I[NOM.CAUS.A]

and I shall consider it

23: free clause

ƍčĊŖČĂ ĚČĀĸčĂśČĀĚČĂ

lɔɪ.fe tæ.mī.væ.te loife tameevate loif-e-ø ta -meev-a-t-e man[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG to -said-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG the man said

24: free clause

Hortative verbs are generally rendered in the imperative with a first person subject.

ơČĈ ĤČćŀķ ĽČĂŹČąƐ ƘČĄŪČăƐ ĽČăƽ ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČĆ ƘČĄŪČăŀ
jʊ ʧɒng ne.ʒɪl ʷɪ.sel nets flɒ.vɪ.strɒ ʷɪ.sen
yu tcong nexil ïsel nets flovistro ïsen

y-u-ø        tcong       nexil       ïsel            nets  flovistr-o-ø  ïsen
ACC-INAN-SG  tower[ACC]  build[IMP]  we[NOM.CAUS.A]  for   lord-EXTA-SG  our[GEN]

let us build a tower for our lord

25: free clause

ĤČĆłČĆ ĚČĂƍďĀ ĐĎĂĸčĊƍČĆ ƢČāƐ žČĀĩčĊƍČĆ ŪČĂĮČĀĽČĆ

ʧɒ.ɲɒ te.lɑ pɜ.mɔɪ.lɒ ʲæl qæ.ʤɔɪ.lɒ se.kæ.nɒ tconjo telaa peimoilo âl qadxoilo sekano tconj-o-ø telaa peim-oil-o-ø âl qadx-oil-o-ø tower-EXTA-SG this tall-EXCESS-EXTA-SG and strong-EXCESS-EXTA-SG sek-a-n-o shall_become-ATYPE-FUT-EXTA.SG a tower so strong and so high

26: tethered qualified clause

ĖƔčĊŪČćƆ ơČĉŷ ĽČĀůČăƐ ŪČĀĽČĆ ŵĿďĆĽČćŀĚČĄ

bɫɔɪ.sɒχ jʊʃ næ.zel sæ.nɒ ʃnū.nɒn.tɪ bljoisoqj yuc nazel sano cnoononti bljois-o-qj y-u-c nazel sa-n-o cnoon-o-nti that[conj]-EXTA-FOCDEM ACC-INAN-PL stars[ACC] AUX-FUT-EXTA.SG touch-OTYPE-PART that it shall touch the stars

27: qualified clause

Concerning galaese: nominalised demonstratives and locatives - such as galaese (everyone) - generally use the singular number.

őČĂĚČāŲ ĳČĀƍčĀŪČĂ ğčċƤ ĽčćƩ ơČĂ ĕČĂĩčāŞğČĂ ƍčċŞ ŹČĈƫčāĝ ơČĈ ĤĎćĻĔ ŪČāħ ŪČĂĤČĀĽČĂ

ɹe.tæz gæ.leɪ.se dɔɪj nəʊst je be.ʤeɪv.de lɔɪv ʒʊ.zdeɪt jʊ ʧɔmp sæʧ se.ʧæ.ne rjetaz galaese doiy noest ye bedxaevde loiv xuzdaet yu tcaomp satc setcane rjetas galaes-e-ø doiy noest y-e-ø bedx-aevd-e-ø then[CONJ] everyone[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG you[ACC] for ACC-SIMA-SG greatest-HYPERL-SIMA-SG loif xuzdaet y-u-ø tcaomp sadx setc-a-n-e man[ACC] upon ACC-INAN-SG world[ACC] must know-ATYPE-FUT-SIMA.SG then everyone will know you as the greatest man in the world

28: qualified clause

The killing is the key issue in this section, hence the use of the historic tense

ƉčĉƐĳďāŏ ơČăż ğČćŀ ĳČāĻ ĽČĀ ĸČāħ ƍČăŲ ŰėČĂĩČĀŠČĆ ğČĆ

ʰʌl.gɑr jeʒ dɒn gæm næ mæʧ lez zbe.ʤæ.tʲɒ dɒ úelgaar yex don gam na matc lez zbedxatjo do úelgaar y-e-c don gam na matc les but[CONJ] ACC-SIMA-SG your[GEN] people[ACC] not must continuous zbedx-a-tj-o d-o kill-ATYPE-HST-EXTA.SG you[NOM.CAUS.A]-EXTA but you must stop killing your people

29: qualified clause

ŌČĈĚČāĘ ĳČāƐĽčĄğČĂ ĕČĂĮČāŔĸČĀĽČĂ ğČćŭĤČĂ ĐČĆƍČćř ĤČāĝ ơČĀ įŎčăżĳČāƐģ ğČĂĽČĂƜďĆƍĎĀƈČĄğČĂ ƢČāƐ ěŎČĀƦčĂśČĉŲ ğČćŀ

rʊ.tæb gæl.naɪ.de be.kæɹ.mæ.ne dɒs.ʧe pɒ.lɒf ʧæt jæ krīʒ.gæld de.ne.wū.leə.hɪ.de ʲæl træ.stī.vʊz dɒn rutab galniede bekarjmane dostce polof tcat ya kreexgald denewjoolaihide âl trasteevuz don rutap galnied-e-ø bekarjm-a-n-e dostc-e-ø otherwise[CONJ] nobody[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG live-ATYPE-FUT-SIMA.SG that[ACC]-SIMA-SG polov tcat y-a-ø kreexg-alt dene -wjoolaihid-e-ø-ø âl time[ACC] for ACC-INTA-SG witness-ANOM for -worth-SIMA-OBL-SG and trasteev-u-s-ø don wisdom-INAN-OBL-SG your[GEN] otherwise there will be nobody left to witness your worth and your wisdom

30: free clause

Concerning 'tuezaa': ideas can have locations, in people's heads; because the idea of the tower originated with the man, the lord refers to it as yu tuezaa tcong (that tower) rather than yu telaa tcong (this tower)

ơČĈ ĚčĈůďĀ ĤČćŀķ ĽČĂŹČąƐ ĤČĄĤČăŭ

jʊ tʌ.zɑ ʧɒng ne.ʒɪl ʧɪ.ʧes yu tuezaa tcong nexil tcitces y-u-ø tuezaa tcong nexil tci -tces ACC-INAN-SG that tower[ACC] build[IMP] for -me[OBL] build me that tower

31: free clause

Concerning 'ce': Gevey speakers will often qualify a verb with an affirmative particle, whereas in Ramajal only negative aspects tend to be marked.

ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČĂ ŴČĂ őČĄƦČĀĚČĂ

flɒ.vɪ.stre ʃe ɹɪ.stæ.te flovistre ce rjistate flovistr-e-ø ce rjist-a-t-e lord[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG yes commanded-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG the lord commanded

32: qualified clause

The verbs of the next two clauses are both cast in the stative voice; also in this clause the agent/subject has been dropped.

ƢČĉĬ ơČĈ ĚČćǂ ŰėČĂĩČăż ĕČĂğČĈ ĩČĂĚČāŀĚČĄ

ʲʊʤ jʊ tɒdz zbe.ʤeʒ be.dʊ ʤe.tæn.tɪ ûdx yu todz zbedxex bedu dxetanti ûdx y-u-ø tots zbedxex be-d-u dxet-a-nti so[CONJ] ACC-INAN-SG much slaughter[ACC] was[AUX]-PST-INAN stopped-ATYPE-PART and so the slaughter was stopped

33: qualified clause

Again, the demonstrative noun 'galaese' (everyone) - which also acts as the agent in the following tethered clauses - is treated as a singular object, thus the verbs in each clause will take a singular number suffix

ŌČĈĚČāĘ ĳČĀƍčĀŪČĂ ơČĈ ĚČćƽ ƉČĀžďĉĘ ĕČĂťČĂ ĖƣČĄĚČāŀĚČĄ

rʊ.tæb gæ.leɪ.se jʊ tɒts ʰæ.qub be.dʲe bjɪ.tæn.tɪ rutab galaese yu tots áquub bedje byitanti rutap galaes-e-ø y-u-ø tots áquub be-dj-e instead[CONJ] people[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG ACC-INAN-SG much work[ACC] AUX-HST-SIMA byit-a-nti work-ATYPE-PART and everybody set to work

34: tethered qualified clause

The objects in the accusative phrase, apart from the head object, drop their dissociated complexes as the concatenative conjunctions -daet and qjep both permit this

ĮčĂĕČĀĚČăĶ ơČĉŷ ŌČāĘĳčąĝ ĤČăƐĮČĀğčāĢ śĎĈŜƔČăĢ ƃČăē įƣČĆĐČāƐ ƍČĄ ĴƣČĄĽČĆĚČĂ

kī.bæ.teg jʊʃ ræb.gaɪt ʧel.kæ.deɪd vʊə.vɫed χep kjɒ.pæl lɪ gjɪ.nɒ.te keebateg yuc rabgiet tcelkadaed vuivljed qjep kyopal li gyinote keebat-e-g y-u-c rabgiet tcelkadaet ø vuivljet by_means_of[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-PL forests[ACC] across [ACC] region[ACC] qjep ø kyopal li gyin-o-t-e for [ACC] wood[ACC] regularly search_for-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG scouring the forests across the land for wood

35: tethered qualified clause

ĐČĄƺČăĶ ơČĉŷ ŗƏčāƤ ƃČăē ƍčĈŹČăŀĞ ƍČĄ ĸďĈŖČĆĚČĂ

pɪ.tseg jʊʃ fleɪj χep lʌ.ʒent lɪ mu.fɒ.te pitseg yuc flaey qjep luexent li muufote pits-e-g y-u-c flaey qjep ø luexent li also[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-PL earth[ACC] for [ACC] clay[ACC] regularly muuf-o-t-e gouge-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG gouging the earth for clay

36: tethered qualified clause

ĩďĀŠČăĶ ơČĉŷ ŖčĆĠƔČĄŹČĉż ťČċŀģ ƃČăē ĸČāĝ ƍČĄ ĽčĊğčćřĚČĆĚČĂ

ʤɑ.tʲeg jʊʃ fəʊ.dɫɪ.ʒʊʒ dʲaʊnd χep mæt lɪ nɔɪ.dəʊf.tɒ.te dxaatjeg yuc foedljixux djound qjep mat li noidoeftote dxaatj-e-g y-u-c foedlj-ix-u-c djount qjep ø and_even[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-PL wide-SIMPLE-INAN-PL rivers[ACC] for [ACC] mat li noidoeft-o-t-e water[ACC] regularly blocked-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG and blocking wide rivers for water

37: free clause

Concerning the motive verb 'noihentcan' (pass, circle): when the verb is used with the preposition swas- as the default it takes on a more temporal role; in such circumstances this verb will allow a number of time-related applicative objects (day, week, season, year, etc) to act as a causative subject

ŌČćřĽČĉŷ ƍČĄ ĽčĊƈČăŀĤČĀĚďĈ

rɒf.nʊʃ lɪ nɔɪ.hen.ʧæ.tu rofnuc li noihentcatuu rofn-u-c li swas -noihentc-a-t-uu season[NOM.APPL.A]-INAN-PL regularly around -passed-ATYPE-PST-INAN.PL seasons passed

38: qualified clause

ŴČāŭ ĤČĆłČĈ ŪČĂğČĈ đƙďĈƦČāŀĚČĄ ŴČĀĸČĀĚĎĂ

ʃæs ʧɒ.ɲʊ se.dʊ pʍu.stæn.tɪ ʃæ.mæ.tɜ cas tconju sedu pwuustanti camatei cas tconj-u-ø se-d-u pwuust-a-nti cam-a-t-ei and[CONJ] tower[NOM.APPL.P]-INAN-SG AUX-PST-INAN.SG stretch-ATYPE-PART slowly-ATYPE-PST-ADV and slowly the tower grew

39: free clause

The contrastive coordinating conjunction fyal is often used to link an object that time changes into another object

őČāēĚČăŷ ĤČĆĚČĄŹČăŷ ŗƣČāƐ ĕČążśČĂĚČăŷ ŪČĂĮČĀĚčĂ

ɹæp.teʃ ʧɒ.tɪ.ʒeʃ fjæl bɪʒ.ve.teʃ se.kæ.tī rjaptec tcotixec fyal bixvetec sekatee rjapt-e-c tcot-ix-e-c fyal bixvet-e-c boys[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-PL young-SIMPLE-SIMA-PL to grandfathers[NOM]-SIMA-PL sek-a-t-ee became-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.PL young boys became grandfathers

40: qualified clause

Note how the storyteller repeats this clause, only choosing to change the coordinating conjunction; the tense of the copula also changes to mark that the 'slow growth' is the key action in this section of the story

ŴČĀŴČćŭ ĤČĆłČĈ ŪČĂťČĈ đƙďĈƦČāŀĚČĄ ŴČĀĸČĀĚĎĂ

ʃæ.ʃɒs ʧɒ.ɲʊ se.dʲʊ pʍu.stæn.tɪ ʃæ.mæ.tɜ cacos tconju sedju pwuustanti camatei cacos tconj-u-ø se-dj-u pwuust-a-nti and[CONJ] tower[NOM.APPL.P]-INAN-SG AUX-HST-INAN.SG stretch-ATYPE-PART cam-a-t-ei slowly-ATYPE-PST-ADV and still the tower slowly grew

41 (part 1): tethered predicate clause

įœČĆŪČĉĶ ğČăŲĩČĉż ĠœČăƐ ,,, ŪČĂğČĈ ĽčĊĴŻČĂƍČćŀĚČĄ

kɹɒ.sʊg dez.ʤʊʒ dɹel ... se.dʊ nɔɪ.gʒe.lɒn.tɪ krjosug dezdxux drjel ... sedu noigxelonti krjos-u-g dezdx-u-c drjel [relative] se-d-u when[CONJ]-INAN-FOCPRO between[ACC]-INAN-PL clouds[ACC] [relative] AUX-PST-INAN.SG nexlj-o-nti passed-OTYPE-PART passing through the clouds

41 (part 2): relative clause (modifies accusative phrase)

Concerning relative conjunctions: even though the relative clause appears to be modifying an accusative object in the previous clause, that object (clouds) is in fact an oblique which has been promoted to the accusative by the verb; thus the relative clause treats the object as if it is still an oblique and uses the appropriate relative conjunction - xaaks rather than xaagei

ŹďāıŮ ơČĈ ĚČĂƍďĀ ĕČāƐ ƉČĄĕčĉŀĩČĄŹČĈ ŪČĂğďĈ ƉŎČĄŹČāŀĚČĄ ƢČāƐ įŎčăżĳČāŀĚČĄ ƉČĆ

ʒɑks jʊ te.lɑ bæl ʰɪ.bʌn.ʤɪ.ʒʊ se.du hrɪ.ʒæn.tɪ ʲæl krīʒ.gæn.tɪ ʰɒ xaaks yu telaa bal íbuendxixu seduu hrixanti âl kreexganti ó xaaks y-u-ø telaa bal íbuendx-ix-u-ø se-d-uu [REL] ACC-INAN-SG this action[ACC] strange-SIMPLE-INAN-SG AUX-PST-INAN.PL hrix-a-nti âl kreexg-a-nti ó gathered-ATYPE.PART and watched-ATYPE-PART [REL] that gathered around to watch this strange activity

42: tethered qualified clause

Be aware that clause tethering can cross the sentence boundary; the subject of this clause is still 'tower'

ĖƔčĊŪČĉĶ ơČĈ ƉČĀĳČĂŖčĈğČăŭĐČĄŹČĈ ĴƏďĈŖČĄŪČăĻ ŪČĂĮČĆĚČĈ

bɫɔɪ.sʊg jʊ ʰæ.ge.fʌ.des.pɪ.ʒʊ glu.fɪ.sem se.kɒ.tʊ bljoisug yu ágefuedespixu gluufisem sekotu bljois-u-g y-u-ø ágefuedesp-ix-u-ø gluufisem so[CONJ]-INAN-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-SG wondrous-SIMPLE-INAN-SG sight[ACC] sek-o-t-u became-OTYPE-PST-INAN.SG such was the wonder

43: qualified clause

ƉČăřģ ĳČāĻƈčĄĚČăŷ ĤČăƐĮČĀğčāĝ ĤĎćĻĐČĈ ƘČąŭĤČĈ ĮČĉŀ ơďāŔļĮĎăŏ ŴČĂ ĕĎĆ ĴœČĀŠčĂ

ʰevd gæm.haɪ.teʃ ʧel.kæ.deɪt ʧɔm.pʊ ʷɪs.ʧʊ kʊn jɑɹm.kɜr ʃe bɔ gɹæ.tʲī évd gamhietec tcelkadaet tcaompu ïstcu kun yaarjmkeir ce bao grjatjee évd gamhiet-e-c tcelkadaet tcaomp-u-ø ïstc-u-ø that[CONJ] peoples[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-PL around world[NOM]-INAN-SG to[ACC]-INAN-SG kun yaarjmkeir ce bao grj-a-tj-ee its[GEN] base[ACC] yes start come-ATYPE-HST-SIMA.PL that people from across the world flocked to its base

44: qualified clause

Concerning 'vopce': cities are treated as causative (ie animate) objects by Gevey speakers

ĩďāŨ śČćēŴČĆ ƢĎĉŀ ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČĂ ĽčćƩ įŶďĈƒČăż ĩČĀŌčāŞğČĆ ĐČąƽ ƘďĈĳČāřƦčāŞğČĆ ŪČĂĮČĀĚČĆ

ʤɑdʲ vɒp.ʃɒ ʲʊən flɒ.vɪ.stre nəʊst kʃu.ɫeʒ ʤæ.reɪv.dɒ pɪts ʷu.gæf.steɪv.dɒ se.kæ.tɒ dxaadj vopco ûin flovistre noest kcuuljex dxaraevdo pits üugafstaevdo sekato dxaatj vopc-o-ø ûin flovistr-e-ø noest so_much_so_that[CONJ] city[NOM.CAUS.A]-EXTA-SG with lord[NOM]-SIMA-SG of kcuulj-e-c dxar-aevd-e-ø pits üugafst-aevd-e-ø winds[NOM]-SIMA-PL biggest-HYPERL-EXTA-SG and_especially richest-HYPERL-EXTA-SG sek-a-t-o became-ATYPE-PST-EXTA.SG and the city of the Lord of Storms became the biggest and richest city in the world

45: free clause

For this clause, the oblique (temporal) noun phrase has been moved into primary focus

ĕČĀőČĂŪČĉƕŮ ŴČĆĽďĀ ƘČąŭĤČĈ śČĆĐČāŷ ƍčċŞŰƣčĈđƙČĂ śČĂƍČĄŹČĂ ĽčĊƈčĀĴƣČĀĚČĂ

bæ.ɹe.sʊɫs ʃɒ.nɑ ʷɪs.ʧʊ vɒ.pæʃ lɔɪv.zjʌ.pʍe ve.lɪ.ʒe nɔɪ.heɪ.gjæ.te barjesuljs conaa ïstcu vopac loivzyuepwe velixe noihaegyate ba -rjes-u-ljs-ø conaa ïstc-u-ø vopac loivzyuepw-e-ø during day-INAN-DUR-SG some into[ACC]-INAN-SG city[ACC] beggar[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG vel-ix-e-ø noihaegy-a-t-e old-SIMPLE-SIMA-SG wandered-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG one day an old beggar wandered into the city

46: tethered qualified clause

ƢČĀƍČăı ŴČĂ ĕĎĆ ŜƔčĂĸČĆĚČĂ ĚČĆĕČĆĤČĆłČĉıŮ

ʲæ.lek ʃe bɔ vɫī.mɒ.te tɒ.bɒ.ʧɒ.ɲʊks âlek ce bao vljeemote tobotconjuks âl-e-g ce bao vljeem-o-t-e tobo -tconj-u-ks-ø and[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO yes start look-OTYPE-PST-SIMA.SG upwards tower-INAN-DAT-SG and stood to look up at the tower

47: free clause

Concerning 'stigan': This verb routinely promotes systemic oblique objects using the preposition tcis- to the accusative; this also includes the interrigative pronoun gze which, as a result of the promotion, takes the accusative form tcisagzou rather than the oblique form tcisagzus.

đƏČĂĚČĈ ĚČĂƍďĀ ơČĈ ĳČĆĚČĄůČăĻ ĤČĄŪČĀĴűČĊ ŪČĈ ƦČĄĳČāŀĚČĄ

ple.tʊ te.lɑ jʊ gɒ.tɪ.zem ʧɪ.sæ.gzaʊ sʊ stɪ.gæn.tɪ pletu telaa yu gotizem tcisagzou su stiganti plet-u-ø telaa y-u-ø gotizem tcisa -gz-ou thing[NOM.APPL.A]-INAN-SG this ACC-INAN-SG meaning[ACC] for[OBL] what-INAN s-u stig-a-nti AUX.PRS-INAN has-ATYPE-PART what is the meaning of this activity?

48: free clause

ťčĆěŎČĀĚČĂ ĮČĂ

dʲəʊ.træ.te ke djoetrate ke djoetr-a-t-e ke asked-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG he[NOM.CAUS.A] he asked

49: free clause

ơČĈ ĤČćŀĲ ƦČćŷ ơČĂ ĕČĀĕČăƐ ,,, ĕČăıƈČĂŌČĀŪčĂ ƘČĄŪČăƐ

jʊ ʧɒnk stɒʃ je bæ.bel ... bek.he.ræ.sī ʷɪ.sel yu tconk stoc ye Babel ... bekherasee ïsel y-u-ø tcong stoc y-e-ø Babel [relative] bekher-a-s-ee ACC-INAN-SG tower[ACC] named ACC-SIMA-SG Babel[ACC] [relative] call-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL ïsel we[NOM.CAUS.A.SIMA.PL] we call it the tower of Babele

50: relative clause

ŹďĀĳĎĂ ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČĂ ĽčćƩ įŶďĈƒČăŷ ƢčĂ ƉČĆ

ʒɑ.gɜ flɒ.vɪ.stre nəʊst kʃu.ɫeʃ ʲī ʰɒ xaagei flovistre noest kcuuljec êe ó xaagei flovistr-e-ø noest kcuulj-e-c êe ó REL lord[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG of storms-SIMA-PL is[SIMA.PRS] REL who is the Lord of Storms

51: free clause

ƍčĊŖČĂ őčĄǀĿČĀĚČĂ ĮČąƤ

lɔɪ.fe ɹaɪ.dznæ.te kɪj loife rjiedznate kiy loif-e-ø rjiedzn-a-t-e kiy man[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG told-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG him[ACC] a man told him

52: free clause

ĮČĈ ƉČĀĳČĂŖčĈğČăŭĐčāŞğČĈ ŹČĈƫčāĝ ĤĎćĻĐČĈ ŴČĄŪČĂ ŪČĂĮČĀŪČĈ

kʊ ʰæ.ge.fʌ.des.peɪv.dʊ ʒʊ.zdeɪt ʧɔm.pʊ ʃɪ.se se.kæ.sʊ ku ágefuedespaevdu xuzdaet tcaompu cise sekasu ku ágefuedesp-aevd-u-ø xuzdaet tcaomp-u-ø cise it[NOM.APPL.P] greatest-HYPERL-INAN-SG on world[NOM]-INAN-SG definitely sek-a-s-u is-ATYPE-PRS-INAN.SG it is the greatest thing in the world

53: free clause, interrogative clause

ĚČĀĸčĂśČĀĚČĂ ĮČĂ, "ĐČćı ĐĎĂĸčĊƍČĈ ƍČĄ ŪČĂĮČĄŪČĈ ĮČĈ"

tæ.mī.væ.te ke, "pɒk pɜ.mɔɪ.lʊ lɪ se.kɪ.sʊ kʊ" ~ tameevate ke: "pok peimoilu li sekisu ku" ta -meev-a-t-e ke to said-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG he[NOM.CAUS.A] pok peim-oil-u-ø li sek-i-s-u ku why[CONJ] so_tall-EXCESS-INAN-SG continues become-ITYPE-PRS-INAN.SG it[NOM.APPL.P] he said: 'why is it so tall?'

54: free clause, free clause

Concerning reference pronouns: Gevey speakers will generally use ke to refer to animate objects, and ku for inanimate objects; when a speaker wishes to distinguish two animate objects by their references in the same clause, they will tend to add a genetive marker (éske, áfke) to mark the most recently introduced person - in this case the beggar is being referenced with the pronoun ke (as above), while the man he is talking to is now referenced using the pronoun éske.

ĚČĀĸčĂśČĀĚČĂ ƉČăŭĮČĂ, "ĮČĈ ĽčćƩ ƜďĆƍĎĀƈČĄğČĆ ŗƏČĆśČĄƧŎČăŀ ƘČĄŪČăĻ ĐĎĂĸČĊğČĈ ƘČĈ".

tæ.mī.væ.te ʰes.ke, "kʊ nəʊst wū.leə.hɪ.dɒ flɒ.vɪ.stren ʷɪ.sem pɜ.maʊ.dʊ ʷʊ" ~ tameevate éske: "ku noest wjoolaihido flovistren ïsem peimoudu ü" ta -meev-a-t-e és-k-e to said-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG he[NOM.CAUS.A.MASC] ku noest wjoolaihid-o-ø flovistr-e-n-ø ïsen it[NOM.APPL.P] compared_to pride[NOM]-EXTA-SG lord's-SIMA-GEN-SG our[GEN] peim-oud-u-ø ü as_tall_as-EQUALI-INAN-SG is he said: 'it is as tall as our Lord's pride.'

55: interrogative interjection

Concerning confirmation questions: if a Gevey speaker is looking for clarification of what something is, then more often than not they will place the verbal interrogative particle ahead of the noun, not bothering to add a copula at the end of the clause; in more formal situations a phrase such as 'év daesovu ü' would be more appropriate.

ƢČĄ ğčĀŪČĆśČĈ

ʲɪ deɪ.sɒ.vʊ î daesovu î daesov-u-ø interrogation temple[NOM]-INAN-SG is it a temple?

56: interrogative clause

ơČĉż ğčĀŪČćŞ ĴűČĂ ŴČąŞ ƍČăŭ ƦČĊĮČĄĽČĂ

jʊʒ deɪ.sɒv gze ʃɪv les staʊ.kɪ.ne yux daesov gze civ les stoukine y-u-x daesov gz-e civ les stouk-i-n-e ACC-INAN-PL temples[ACC] who[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA could continuous need-ITYPE-FUT-SIMA.SG who needs temples

57: predicate clause

įœČćŭ ơČĆ ĤČćŀĲ ŴČĄŪČĂ ƈČćŀĞ ƦČĄĳČĀŪčĂ ƘČĄŪČăƐ

kɹɒs jɒ ʧɒnk ʃɪ.se hɒnt stɪ.gæ.sī ʷɪ.sel krjos yo tconk cise hont stigasee ïsel krjos y-o-ø tcong cise hont stig-a-s-ee ïsel when[CONJ] ACC-EXTA-SG tower[ACC] definitely can have-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL we when we have the tower

58: free clause

ƍčċŞŰƣčĈđƙČĂ ĽčĊĕČĀĕČĀƍČĈěƏČĂ ŖČĂ

lɔɪv.zjʌ.pʍe nɔɪ.bæ.bæ.lʊ.tle fe loivzyuepwe noibabalutle fe loivzyuepw-e-ø noibabal-utl-e-ø fe beggar[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG confused-COMPLE-SIMA-SG was the beggar was confused

59: interrogative clause

ŗƣČāƐ ơČĈ ĴűČĉŀ ƦČĊĮČĄůČăĻ ƘČąŭĤČĈ ĳčĀĚďĀ ĤČćŀĲ ƦČĄĳČĄŪčĂ śČĂ

fjæl jʊ gzʊn staʊ.kɪ.zem ʷɪs.ʧʊ geɪ.tɑ ʧɒnk stɪ.gɪ.sī ve fyal yu gzun stoukizem ïstcu gaetaa tconk stigisee ve fyal y-u-ø gz-u-n stoukizem ïstc-u-ø gaetaa tcong but[CONJ] ACC-INAN-SG why-INAN-GEN need[ACC] for[ACC]-INAN-SG such_a tower[ACC] stig-i-s-ee v-e have-ITYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL you[NOM.CAUS.A.PL]-SIMA but what need do you have of such towers

60: predicate clause

įœČćŲ ĩďĀįŎČĀ ơČĉŷ ŪČĊŖČĉƚĲ ĽČăƽ ƉČĀĳČĂŖčĉĢ śČăŀ ŴČĂ ƍČăŭ ĚČĆđƙČĀŪČĀ

kɹɒz ʤɑ.kræ jʊʃ saʊ.fʊʍk nets ʰæ.ge.fʌd ven ʃe les tɒ.pʍæ.sæ krjoz Dxaakra yuc soufuwk nets ágefued ven ce les topwasa krjos Dxaakr-a-ø y-u-c soufuwk nets ø ágefued when[CONJ] creator-INTA-SG ACC-INAN-PL mountains[ACC] for [ACC] wonder[ACC] ven ce les topw-a-s-a your[GEN] yes continuous gives-ATYPE-PRS-INTA.SG when the Creator has given you mountains to marvel at?

61: free clause

ơČĉŷ ƘČĄŪČăŀ ŪČĊŖČĉƚĲ ŴČĂ ƈČāŲ ĽČĂźƔČĀŪčĂ ƘČĄŪČĂĚČĂ

jʊʃ ʷɪ.sen saʊ.fʊʍk ʃe hæz ne.ʒɫæ.sī ʷɪ.se.te yuc ïsen soufuwk ce haz nexljasee ïsete y-u-c ïsen soufuwk ce haz nexlj-a-s-ee ACC-INAN-PL our mountains[ACC] yes can build-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL ïs-e-te ourselves[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-RFLIN we can build our own mountains

62: free clause

ƈČćŲƃČĀĚČĂ ƉČąŭĮČĂ

hɒz.χæ.te ʰɪs.ke hozqjate íske hozqj-a-t-e ís-k-e laughed-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG he-MASC-[NOM.CAUS.A.SG]-SIMA laughed the man

63: free clause

ƘČĄŪČăƐ ĽčćƮ ĩďĀįŎČĀ ƘČĄƫčāĝ ĐČĀŰƣčĊŪČĈ ĮČāŀ ĚČĊĸČĀŇČăŷ ĽČăŷ ŪČĂĮČĀŪčĂ

ʷɪ.sel nəʊzd ʤɑ.kræ ʷɪ.zdeɪt pæ.zjɔɪ.sʊ kæn taʊ.mæ.xeʃ neʃ se.kæ.sī ïsel noezd dxaakra ïzdaet pazyoisu kan toumagjec nec sekasee ïsel noest dxaakr-a-ø ïzdaet pazyois-u-ø we[NOM.CAUS.A.SIMA.PL] compared_to creator-INTA-SG within imagination-INAN-SG k-a-n toum-agj-e-c nex sek-a-s-ee his-INTA-GEN more-COMPAR-SIMA-PL have become-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL we are now more than the Creator could ever have imagined

64: qualified clause

ƦčĀĽČćř ơČĈ śČćŭĲ ĐčĀ ŪČăĶ ƢČĂƈČĀ ĮČĀ

steɪ.nɒf jʊ vɒsk peɪ seg ʲe.hæ kæ staenof yu vosk pae seg êha ka staenof y-u-ø vosk pae seg êha ka assuming[CONJ] ACC-INAN-SG reality[ACC] might possibly been he[NOM.CAUS.A.INTA.SG] if he had ever existed

65 (part 1): qualified clause

ƍČĆơČāŀģ ĩďĀįŎČĀ ,,, ơČĂ ƍčċŞ ŜƣčĂĸČĀĚČĀ 
lɒ.jænd ʤɑ.kræ ... je lɔɪv vjī.mæ.tæ
loyand dxaakra ... ye loiv vyeemata

loyant      dxaakr-a-ø                   [relative]  y-e-ø        loif
then[CONJ]  creator[NOM.CAUS.A]-INTA-SG  [relative]  ACC-SIMA-SG  man[ACC]

vyeem-a-t-a
smiled-ATYPE-PST-INTA.SG

and then the Creator ... smiled at the man

65 (part 2): relative clause (modifies nominative object)

The historical tense here is modified with the generic particle âs, emphasising the timelessness of this truth.

ŹČāı ơČĂ ĳČāƐĽčĄğČăŀ ƍčċŞŰƣčĈĐČĉƚĲ ƢČāŭ ŠČĀ ƉČĆ

ʒæk je gæl.naɪ.den lɔɪv.zjʌ.pʊʍk ʲæs tʲæ ʰɒ xak ye galnieden loivzyuepuwk âs tja ó xak y-e-ø galnied-e-n-ø loivzyuepuwk âs tj-a ó REL ACC-SIMA-SG nobody-SIMA-GEN-SG beggar[ACC] ó is.HST-INTA REL who is nobody's beggar

66: tethered qualified clause

ƢČĀƍČāĶ ơČĈ žďĀŪČĉƐ ŌČĉĝ ƜčĂĕČąŀĞ ĽčĊĳčĈŪČĆĚČĀ

ʲæ.læg jʊ qɑ.sʊl rʊt wī.bɪnt nɔɪ.gʌ.sɒ.tæ âlag yu qaasul rut wjeebint noiguesota âl-a-g y-u-ø qaasul rut ø wjeebint and[CONJ]-INTA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-SG air[ACC] of [ACC] sackful[ACC] noigues-o-t-a inhaled-OTYPE-PST-INTA.SG and breathed in deeply

67: tethered qualified clause

The repetition of the verb three times, each with a different particle and each linked with a concatenating conjunction, is a common storytelling affectation. In some dialects verbs being repeated to increase their intensity will drop the first verb's suffixes; this is considered to be highly informal usage and is rarely encountered in written material outside of children's story books.

ƢČĀƍČāĶ ĕĎĆ ĚČĀƜČćŀ ƢČāƐ ƍČĄ ƜČćŀ ƢČāƐ ƍČăŭ ƜČĆĽČĆĚČĀ

ʲæ.læg bɔ tæ.wɒn ʲæl lɪ wɒn ʲæl les wɒ.nɒ.tæ âlag bao tawjon âl li wjon âl les wjonota âl-a-g bao ta -wjon âl li wjon âl and[CONJ]-INTA-FOCPRO start towards -grew and was growing and les wjon-o-t-a still grew-OTYPE-PST-INTA.SG and grew, and grew, and grew

68: free clause

ĖƣČĄŵĿČăŀĤČăŷ ĤČăƐĮČĀĮčāƤ ĕĎĆ ğČĂĽČĂĖƞčĆŴČĀĚčĂ

bjɪ.ʃnen.ʧeʃ ʧel.kæ.keɪj bɔ de.ne.bwəʊ.ʃæ.tī byicnentcec tcelkakaey bao denebwjoecatee byicnentc-e-c tcelka-kaey bao dene -bwjoec-a-t-ee tornadoes-SIMA-PL around-him[ACC] start at -formed-ATYPE-SIMA.PL tornadoes formed around him

69: qualified clause

ƘČĂğČăƩ ĮČĀ ĐĎĂĸČĀŇČĀ ŪČĂĮČĀĚČĀ

ʷe.dest kæ pɜ.mæ.xæ se.kæ.tæ ëdest ka peimagja sekata ëdezd ka peim-agj-a-ø sek-a-t-a as[CONJ] he[NOM.CAUS.A.INTA.SG] taller-COMPAR-INTA-SG became-ATYPE-PST-INTA.SG as his height increased

70: qualified clause

ƢČĉĬ ĩČăţĽČĂźƔČĉŷ ĤČāĝ ơČĀ ƢČĂůČĂĮČĈĽČąĻ đƙďĈƦČāƐ ĮČāŀ ŹČĈŪČĂğďĈ ĖƏČĀĪƔČăŀğČĊ

ʲʊʤ ʤetʲ.ne.ʒɫʊʃ ʧæt jæ ʲe.ze.kʊ.nɪm pʍu.stæl kæn ʒʊ.se.du blæ.ʤɫen.daʊ ûdx dxetjnexljuc tcat ya êzekunim pwuustal kan xuseduu bladxljendou ûdx dxetjnexlj-u-c tcat y-a-ø êzek-u-n-im pwuustal so[CONJ] buildings-INAN-PL for ACC-INTA-SG feet-INAN-GEN-PC stretching[ACC] kan xu -se-d-uu bladxlj-e-ndou his[GEN.INTA] onto AUX-PST-INAN.PL collapsed-ATYPE-PART buildings collapsed at the stretch of his feet

71: qualified clause

ƉčĉƐĳďāŏ ĠœČăƕŠČĂĥĿČĉŷ ơČĈ ŵƏČąŀĚČĄŹČĈ ŜƣČăŀĞ ĽČăƽ ơČĈ ĮČāŀ ĠœČăƩ ƉƣČĊƉƣČĀĚČĂ

ʰʌl.gɑr dɹeɫ.tʲe.ʧnʊʃ jʊ ʃlɪn.tɪ.ʒʊ vjent nets jʊ kæn dɹest hjaʊ.hjæ.te úelgaar drjeljtjetcnuc yu clintixu vyent nets yu kan drjest hyouhyate úelgaar drjeljtjetcn-u-c y-u-ø clint-ix-u-ø vyent although[CONJ] storm_clouds[NOM.APPL.A] ACC-INAN-SG ring-SIMPLE-INAN-SG lightning[ACC] nets y-u-ø kan drjest sed-uu hyouhy-a-nti for ACC-INAN-SG his brow[ACC] AUX[PST]-INAN.PL wove-ATYPE-PART storm clouds wove a crown of lightning for his brow

72: qualified clause

ĖƔčċŭ ĮČĀ ĽčćƩ ĤČĆłČĈ ĐĎĂĸČĊğČĀ ŪČĂĮČĀĚČĀ śĎĄťčĆőČĉƕŪČąĻ

bɫɔɪs kæ nəʊst ʧɒ.ɲʊ pɜ.maʊ.dæ se.kæ.tæ vɪə.dʲəʊ.ɹʊɫ.sɪm bljois ka noest tconju peimouda sekata viidjoerjuljsim bljois k-a noest tconj-u-ø peim-oud-a-ø thus[CONJ] he[NOM.CAUS.A]-INTA compared_to tower[NOM]-INAN-SG as_tall-EQUALI-INTA-SG sek-a-t-a vii -djoerj-u-ljs-im became-ATYPE-PST-INTA.SG before -minutes-INAN-DUR-PC within minutes he was as tall as the tower

73: tethered qualified clause

ƢČĈĩČāĶ ĽČĀ ĴƏďĀ ƜČĆĽČĆĚČĀ

ʲʊ.ʤæg næ glɑ wɒ.nɒ.tæ ûdxag na glaa wjonota ûdx-a-g na glaa wjon-o-t-a and_still[CONJ]-INTA-FOCPRO not stop grew-OTYPE-PST-INTA.SG and still he didn't stop growing

74: free clause

ĩďĀįŎČĀ ĚČĀĸčĂśČĀĚČĀ

ʤɑ.kræ tæ.mī.væ.tæ dxaakra tameevata dxaakr-a-ø ta -meev-a-t-a creator[NOM.CAUS.A]-INTA-SG to -said-ATYPE-PST-INTA.SG the Creator said

75: imperative clause

ơČĈ ĤČăŀ ŪČćƁĚČĉĻ ĽčĊƈčĀƍČăŀĞ

jʊ ʧen sɒq.tʊm nɔɪ.heɪ.lent yu tcen soqtum noihaelent y-u-ø tcen soqtum noihaelent ACC-INAN-SG my[GEN] judgement[ACC] listen[IMP] listen to my judgment

76: free clause

Concerning the status of the Creator: while the story teller has chosen to render 'dxaakra' in the internal status (-A), when the Creator talks s/he uses the simple status (-E)

ơČĈ ūƣČĀŖČĀƦČĈ ĽČĂźƔČĀĮČăƐ ƍčĊŖČćŀ ƉČĆĽčĈ ŴČĄŪČĂ įŎčăżĳČĀŪČĂ ĤČĂ

jʊ sjæ.fæ.stʊ ne.ʒɫæ.kel lɔɪ.fɒn ʰɒ.nʌ ʃɪ.se krīʒ.gæ.se ʧe yu syafastu nexljakel loifon ónue cise kreexgase tce y-u-ø syaf-ast-u-ø nexljakel loif-o-n-ø ónue cise ACC-INAN-SG greatest-SUPERL-INAN-SG work[ACC] man's-EXTA-GEN-SG one definitely kreexg-a-s-e tce see-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.SG I[NOM.CAUS.A.SIMA.SG] I see a man's greatest work

77: tethered qualified clause

ĴŎčĀĚČĀĐČăĶ ơČĈ ĕČāƐĽčąĢ ĽČăƽ ơČĀ ĳČāĻƈčąĝ ŌČĉĝ ƉČĀĮČāŔ ĽČĀĽČĀ įŎčăżĳČĆŪČĂ

greɪ.tæ.peg jʊ bæl.naɪd nets jæ gæm.haɪt rʊt ʰæ.kæɹ næ.næ krīʒ.gɒ.se graetapeg yu balnied nets ya gamhiet rut ákarj nana kreexgose graetap-e-g y-u-ø balnied nets y-a-ø gamhiet but[CONJ]-SIMA-FOCPRO ACC-INAN-SG nothing[ACC] for ACC-INTA-SG humanity[ACC] rut ø ákarj nana kreexg-o-s-e of [ACC] worth[ACC] definitely_not see-OTYPE-PRS-SIMA.SG and I see nothing worthy of humanity

78: qualified clause

This is a single nominative noun phrase composed of inanimate and simple status objects, together with anominate verbs, linked by concatenative conjunctions; because the phrase includes a simple status noun, the verb will also demonstrate the simple status, together with a plural number.

ƉČăřĞ ĚČćƽ ĽĎĀśČăŭĮČĄūĺČĈ ĚČćƽ ƢČĂőčĆĠœČĄūĺČĈ ĚČćǂ ĴƏČĂƺČĄūĺČĈ ĚČćƽ ƜďĆƍĎĀƈČĄğČĂ ĚČĊĸČĀŇČĂ ĤČāĝ
ĤčĀĕČĀĽČāƐĚČĀ ƢČāƐ ĕčĈƻĺčĆĸČĀĽČāƐĚČĀ ťčĊőČăŀ ĤČĆĚČĄŹČĂ ƦČāŞ ĕČĂĮČĀŪčĂ

ʰeft tɒts neə.ves.kɪ.smʊ tɒts ʲe.ɹəʊ.dɹɪ.smʊ tɒdz gle.tsɪ.smʊ tɒts wū.leə.hɪ.de taʊ.mæ.xe ʧæt ʧeɪ.bæ.næl.tæ
ʲæl bʌ.tsməʊ.mæ.næl.tæ dʲɔɪ.ɹen ʧɒ.tɪ.ʒe stæv be.kæ.sī éft tots naiveskismu tots êrjoedrjismu todz gletsismu tots wjoolaihide toumagje tcat tcaebanalta
âl buetsmoemanalta djoirjen tcotixe stav bekasee évd tots naiveskism-u-ø tots êrjoedrjism-u-ø that[CONJ] some beauty[NOM]-INAN-SG some power[NOM]-INAN-SG tots gletsism-u-ø tots wjoolaihid-e-ø toum-agj-e-ø some grace[NOM]-INAN-SG some honour[NOM]-SIMA-SG more-COMPAR-SIMA-SG tcat tcaeban-a-lta âl buetsmoeman-a-lta djoirj-e-n-ø for preparation[NOM]-ATYPE-ANOM and birthing[NOM]-ATYPE-ANOM child-SIMA-GEN-SG tcot-ix-e-ø stav bek-a-s-ee new-SIMPLE-SIMA-SG must remain-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL there is more beauty and power, grace and honour in the building and birthing of a new baby

79: qualified clause

ĖƔčċŭ ơČĈ ĚČĂůďĀ ĤČćŀĲ ŴČĂ ŪČāħ ĮČĂůČĀĽČĂ ğČĆƦČĀőČĂƦČĀŪČĉƕŮ ĤČĂ

bɫɔɪs jʊ te.zɑ ʧɒnk ʃe sæʧ ke.zæ.ne dɒ.stæ.ɹe.stæ.sʊɫs ʧe bljois yu tezaa tconk ce satc kezane dostarjestasuljs tce bljois y-u-ø tezaa tcong ce sadx kez-a-n-e as_a_result[CONJ] ACC-INAN-SG this tower[ACC] yes must topple-ATYPE-FUT-SIMA dosta -rjestas-u-ljs-ø tce before_ends -today-INAN-DUR-SG I[NOM.CAUS.A] this tower shall topple today

80: qualified clause

ƢČĉĬ ĩČăţĽČĂźƔČĈ ĩČĀŌČĀƦČĈ ĸČĆğČĆŪČĂťČĈ ĖƏČĀĪƔČăŀğČĊ ĕČĀŪČĀĖƣČĆƒČĉƕų ĕČāżśČćŀ ĮČāŀ

ʲʊʤ ʤetʲ.ne.ʒɫʊ ʤæ.ræ.stʊ mɒ.dɒ.se.dʲʊ blæ.ʤɫen.daʊ bæ.sæ.bjɒ.ɫʊɫz bæʒ.vɒn kæn ûdx dxetjnexlju dxarastu modosedju bladxljendou basabyoljuljz baxvon kan ûdx dxetjnexlj-u-ø dxar-ast-u-ø modo and_so[CONJ] building[NOM.APPL.P]-INAN-SG great-SUPERL-INAN-SG downwards -se-dj-u bladxlj-e-ndou basa -byolj-u-ljs-ø AUX-HST-INAN.SG collapsed-ATYPE-PART at_start_of -touch-INAN-DUR-SG baxv-o-n-ø kan finger's-EXTA-GEN-SG his[GEN] and with a touch of his finger the great building collapsed

81 (part 1): imperative clause

Concerning adverbs: when an adverb modifies a verb in the imperative, the adverb will generally take the default present infix '-as-'.

ơČĈ ŗƏčąŀžďĉĘ ,,, ğČĄĴœČăı đƣČĂĚČĀŪĎĂ ƢČāƐ ĴƏČĊ įƣČāŭ

jʊ flaɪn.qub ... dɪ.gɹak pje.tæ.sɜ ʲæl glaʊ kjæs yu flienquub ... digrjak pyetasei âl glou kyas y-u-ø flienquub [relative] di -grj-ak pyet-a-s-ei âl [ACC]-INAN-SG purpose[ACC] [relative] from -go-IMP now-ATYPE-PRS-ADV and glou kyas restart learn[IMP] go now and learn once again the purpose

81 (part 2): relative clause (modifies accusative noun)

Concerning 'loifuire': the story teller has chosen to use an inherently masculine word here; this is possibly related to other stories in the mythology which imply that while men need to be taught their purpose, women already know it as they (or at least Mara-Giey, the first woman and the Queen of Princes) intuitively know the word that binds the Creator to creation.

ƘčĊŹĎĂ ĤČăŷ ƍčĊŖĎĉŏ ĚČĆđƙČĀĚČĂ ĤČĂ ƉČĆ

ʷɔɪ.ʒɜ ʧeʃ lɔɪ.fʊər tɒ.pʍæ.te ʧe ʰɒ öixei tcec loifuir topwate tce ó öixei tc-e-c loifuir topw-a-t-e tce ó REL to.ACC-SIMA-PL ancestors[ACC] gave-ATYPE-PST-SIMA I[NOM.CAUS.A] REL that I gave to your ancestors

82: qualified clause

ĮčĂĕČāĝ ĤČăƐįƣČĀ ĤĎćĻĔ ŴČĂ ĸČāĬ ŜƔčĂĸČĀŠčĂ ĮČĆƜČāŀƈČĂŪČąĻ ŌČĀ ŪČĄƜČĄŹČăĻ śČĂ

kī.bæt ʧel.kjæ ʧɔmp ʃe mæʤ vɫī.mæ.tʲī kɒ.wæn.he.sɪm ræ sɪ.wɪ.ʒem ve keebat tcelkya tcaomp ce madx vljeematjee kowjanhesim ra siwjixem ve keebat tcelky-a-ø tcaomp ce matc vljeem-a-tj-ee by[CONJ] around.ACC-INTA-SG world[ACC] yes must see-ATYPE-HST-SIMA.PL ko -wjanh-e-s-im ra siwj-ix-e-m ve with -eyes-SIMA-OBL-PC FOCINT fresh-SIMPLE-SIMA-PC you_all[NOM.CAUS.A.SIMA.PL] see with fresh eyes the world around you

83 (part 1): tethered qualified clause

őČĂĚČĀŪČăĶ ơČĈ ƍčāŭ ƉČĀĳČĂŖčĉĢ ƃČăē ơČăŷ ĸďāƐ ƢČāƐ žďĀŪČĉƐ ĐČąǂ ĩčĀĮČăƐ ,,, ŴČĄŪČĂ ƢČāŭ ĕčĉĢƫČĀĮČĆĽčĂ
ĮČĆƜČĀğČćŭĤČĈŪČăŷ ĤČĆĚČĄŹČĉŷ

ɹe.tæ.seg jʊ leɪs ʰæ.ge.fʌd χep jeʃ mɑl ʲæl qɑ.sʊl pɪdz ʤeɪ.kel ... ʃɪ.se ʲæs bʌd.zdæ.kɒ.nī
kɒ.wæ.dɒs.ʧʊ.seʃ ʧɒ.tɪ.ʒʊʃ rjetaseg yu laes ágefued qjep yec maal âl qaasul pidz dxaekel ... cise âs buedzdakonee
kowjadostcusec tcotixuc rjetas-e-g y-u-ø laes ágefued qjep y-e-c maal and_then[CONJ] ACC-INAN-SG all wonders[ACC] from ACC-SIMA-PL seas[ACC] âl qaasul pits dxaekel [relative] cise âs buedzdak-o-n-ee and airs[ACC] also soils[ACC] [relative] definitely ø thank-OTYPE-FUT-SIMA.PL ko -wjadostc-u-s-ec tcot-ix-u-c with -words-INAN-OBL-PL new-SIMPLE-INAN-PL worship with new words all the wonders of the sea, and the air, and the soil

83 (part 2): relative clause (modifies accusative phrase)

This clause is modifying the whole of the previous clause's accusative noun phrase.

ƘčĊŹĎĂ ĤČĉŷ đƏČăĝ ĚďĀĖƞČĀŪčĂ śČĂ ƉČĆ

ʷɔɪ.ʒɜ ʧʊʃ plet tɑ.bwæ.sī ve ʰɒ öixei tcuc plet taabwjasee ve ó öixei tc-u-c plet taabwj-a-s-ee ve ó REL to.ACC-INAN-PL things[ACC] reside-ATYPE-PRS-SIMA.PL you_all[NOM.CAUS.A.SIMA.PL] REL upon which you live

84: free clause

śĎĈŪČĈ ĚČĂƍďĀ ŪČĈ őčĄǀĿČĀŪčĂ ƘČĄŪČąƤ

vʊə.sʊ te.lɑ sʊ ɹaɪ.dznæ.sī ʷɪ.sɪj vuisu telaa su rjiedznasee ïsiy vuis-u-ø telaa su rjiedzn-a-nti ïsiy story[NOM.APPL.A]-INAN-SG this AUX.PRS.INAN.SG tells-ATYPE-PART us[ACC] this story tells us

85: qualified clause

ĐČĆĮČāĝ ƜďĆƍĎĀƈČĄğČĂ ĚČĊĸčĊƍČĂ ĳČāĻƈčĄĚČāŀ ơČăż ŦƞčĈĴƏČĀƍČĄŹČăŷ ƉčĀƍČăĻ ĐČąƽ ơčăƽ
ƘČĄŪČăŀ ŴČĂ ƈČāŲ ƍČăŭ ƈČĂƫČĀĚČĂ ĤČĄŪČĄŪČăŭ

pɒ.kæt wū.leə.hɪ.de taʊ.mɔɪ.le gæm.haɪ.tæn jeʒ dʲwʌ.glæ.lɪ.ʒeʃ ʰeɪ.lem pɪts jīts
ʷɪ.sen ʃe hæz les he.zdæ.te ʧɪ.sɪ.ses pokat wjoolaihide toumoile gamhietan yex djwjueglalixec áelem pits yeets
ïsen ce haz les hezdate tcisises pokat wjoolaihid-e-ø toum-oil-e-ø gamhiet-a-n-ø of_how[CONJ] pride[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG great-EXCESS-SIMA-SG humanity's-INTA-GEN-SG y-e-c djwjueglal-ix-e-c áelen pits yeets ïsen ce ACC-SIMA-PL shared-SUBS-SIMPLE-SIMA-PL ears[ACC] also tongues[ACC] our[GEN] yes haz les hezd-a-t-e tcis -ises would continuous lost-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG to -us[OBL] of how the great pride of humanity lost us our common ears and tongues

86: qualified clause

This clause has no subject; the verb takes a default suffix of -E

ĮčĂĕČāĝ ơČăż ĳČāĻƈčąĝ ŌČĉĝ ĤĎćĻĔ ŴČĂ ĐĎĊĽČĀŠČĂ ŖČĂƍČĀŠĎĂ

kī.bæt jeʒ gæm.haɪt rʊt ʧɔmp ʃe pɔ̄.næ.tʲe fe.læ.tʲɜ keebat yex gamhiet rut tcaomp ce paunatje felatjei keebat y-e-c gamhiet rut tcaomp ce paun-a-tj-e for[CONJ] ACC-SIMA-PL peoples[ACC] of world[ACC] yes scattered-ATYPE-HST-SIMA.SG fel-a-tj-ei next-ATYPE-HST-ADV for from that moment the peoples of the world were scattered

87: qualified clause

ĴŎčĀĚČāĘ ĖƣČāŀǃ ĳČĀĸČĂ ơČĉŷ ƜČĀğČĆŪČāĬ ƃČăĘ ĳČĀĸČĈťČăŞ śČāŞ ƉĎĆŪČāƐ śČāŞ ĕČĀŪČĀĚčĉƟĲ
ŪČăŀ ĽČĀ ŪČăĶ ĽčĊŪČĂĤčĊŪČĀĚČĂ

greɪ.tæb bjændz gæ.me jʊʃ wæ.dɒ.sæʤ χeb gæ.mʊ.dʲev væv ʰɔ.sæl væv bæ.sæ.tʌwk
sen næ seg nɔɪ.se.ʧɔɪ.sæ.te graetab byandz game yuc wjadosadx qjeb gamudjev vav áosal vav basatuewjk
sen na seg noisetcoisate graetap byants gam-e-ø y-u-c wjadosatc qjep gamudjev and[CONJ] each person[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-SG ACC-INAN-PL words[ACC] from neighbours[ACC] vav áosal vav basatuewjg sen na seg noisetcois-a-t-e or friends[ACC] or children[ACC] their[GEN] no may understood-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.SG and no person could understand the words of their neighbours, their friends or their children

88: qualified clause

ƉčĉƐĳďāŏ ĩďĀįŎČĀ ơČĂ ƍčāŲ ĳČāĻ ĐČċĝ ơČĈ ƉČĆĽčĈ ƜČĀğČĆŪČāħ ĤČāĝ ơČĀ ŪČăŀ ĩČāƐĞ ŗŎčĄŠČĀŠČĀ

ʰʌl.gɑr ʤɑ.kræ je leɪz gæm paʊt jʊ ʰɒ.nʌ wæ.dɒ.sæʧ ʧæt jæ sen ʤælt fraɪ.tʲæ.tʲæ úelgaar dxaakra ye laez gam pout yu ónue wjadosatc tcat ya sen dxalt frietjatja úelgaar dxaakr-a-ø y-e-ø laes gam however[CONJ] creator[NOM.CAUS.A]-INTA-SG ACC-SIMA-SG all people[ACC] pout y-u-ø ónue wjadosatc tcat y-a-ø sen alone ACC-INAN-SG one word[ACC] for ACC-INTA-SG their[GEN] dx-alt frietj-a-tj-a keeping[ACC]-ANOM permit-ATYPE-HST-INTA.SG only one word did the Creator permit all people to keep

89: qualified clause

ƉČăř ěŎČĀĕČĀĕČĈ ĕČĂĮČĀŪČĈ

ʰef træ.bæ.bʊ be.kæ.sʊ éf trababu bekasu év trabab-u-ø bek-a-s-u it_is[CONJ] confusion[NOM.APPL.P]-INAN-SG remains-ATYPE-PRS-INAN.SG which is confusion

90: qualified clause

Concerning the verb 'kyasan': when this verb is used with the particles 'li' or 'lja' (repeated action) then it can be translated as 'remind' rather than the more normal translation of learn, realise.

ĖƔčċŭ ŴČĄŪČĂ ƒČĀ įƣČĀŪČĀŪČĈ ƘČĄŪČąƤ ĮČĈ

bɫɔɪs ʃɪ.se ɫæ kjæ.sæ.sʊ ʷɪ.sɪj kʊ bljois cise lja kyasasu ïsiy ku bljois cise lja kyas-a-s-u ïsiy ku which[CONJ] definitely repeatedly realise-ATYPE-PRS-INAN.SG us[ACC] it[NOM.APPL.A.INAN.SG] to remind us all

91: qualified clause

ĮčăĘ ĠœďĀŖČĉż ğčāĝ ƉČĀžďĈĕČĉŷ ƘČĄŪČăŀ ơČĉŷ ƘČĄŪČăĻ ĐČĀŰƣČĄŪČăĻ ĳČċţ ŪČĂğďĈ ĮČĀđƣČāŀĚČĄ

kīb dɹɑ.fʊʒ deɪt ʰæ.qu.bʊʃ ʷɪ.sen jʊʃ ʷɪ.sem pæ.zjɪ.sem gaʊtʲ se.du kæ.pjæn.tɪ keeb drjaafux daet áquubuc ïsen yuc ïsem pazyisem goutj seduu kapyanti keeb drjaaf-u-c daet áquub-u-c ïsen of[CONJ] magics[NOM.APPL.A]-INAN-PL of works[NOM]-INAN-PL our[GEN] y-u-c ïsen pazyisem goudj se-d-uu ACC-INAN-PL our[GEN] considerations[ACC] had AUX-PST-INAN.PL kapy-a-nti caught-ATYPE-PART of how the magic of our works caught our minds

92: qualified clause

ƢČĉĬ ơČĂ ĮČāŔļ ĤČăƐĮČĀğčāĝ ƘČĄŪČąƤ ƍČăŭ ƜČĀđƏčĈƈČĂƫČĀĚčĂ ƘČĄŪČĂĚČĂ

ʲʊʤ je kæɹm ʧel.kæ.deɪt ʷɪ.sɪj les wæ.plʌ.he.zdæ.tī ʷɪ.se.te ûdx ye karjm tcelkadaet ïsiy les wjapluehezdatee ïsete ûdx y-e-ø karjm tcelkadaet ïsiy les thus[CONJ] ACC-SIMA-SG life[ACC] around us[ACC] continuous wjapluehezd-a-t-ee ïs-e-te forgot-ATYPE-PST-SIMA.PL between_us[NOM.CAUS.A]-SIMA-RFLIN forgetting the world about us

Tconju Babelen

Gevey Language

Introduction

Lexicon

Grammar

Translations